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De Mendoza CONICET
(→'''Revista Latinoamericana de Conservación /Latin American Journal of Conservation''') |
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- | '''Food habits and impact of rooting behaviour of the invasive wild boar, Sus scrofa, in a protected area of the Monte Desert, Argentina''' | + | |
+ | == '''Food habits and impact of rooting behaviour of the invasive wild boar, Sus scrofa, in a protected area of the Monte Desert, Argentina''' == | ||
+ | |||
The wild boar, ''Sus scrofa'', was introduced in the central region of Argentina in the early 20th century. A small feral population invaded the western area of the Man and Biosphere Reserve of Ñacuñán, Argentina in the early 1980’s. The purpose of our study was to provide information about the diet of wild boars in the semiarid region of Argentina and assess their potential effect on vegetation through soil rooting. We analyzed 41 faecal samples and compared cover plant composition between rooted and non rooted soil. Our results showed that 95% of the diet consisted of different parts (leaves, stems, glumes, fruits, seeds, and bulbs) of 36 plant species, while arthropods and animal tissue represented only 5% of the diet. Two plant species (''Sphaeralcea miniata'' and ''Pitraea cuneato-ovata'') composed the bulk of the diet, representing almost 50% of the total items found in the faeces. Plant cover was significantly different between rooted and non rooted areas. Rooted areas were dominated by ''Pitraea cuneato-ovata'', whereas the cover of ''Lycium'' sp was higher in non rooted areas. This is the first study addressing the ecology of the wild boar in a protected area of the Monte Desert biome of Argentina. | The wild boar, ''Sus scrofa'', was introduced in the central region of Argentina in the early 20th century. A small feral population invaded the western area of the Man and Biosphere Reserve of Ñacuñán, Argentina in the early 1980’s. The purpose of our study was to provide information about the diet of wild boars in the semiarid region of Argentina and assess their potential effect on vegetation through soil rooting. We analyzed 41 faecal samples and compared cover plant composition between rooted and non rooted soil. Our results showed that 95% of the diet consisted of different parts (leaves, stems, glumes, fruits, seeds, and bulbs) of 36 plant species, while arthropods and animal tissue represented only 5% of the diet. Two plant species (''Sphaeralcea miniata'' and ''Pitraea cuneato-ovata'') composed the bulk of the diet, representing almost 50% of the total items found in the faeces. Plant cover was significantly different between rooted and non rooted areas. Rooted areas were dominated by ''Pitraea cuneato-ovata'', whereas the cover of ''Lycium'' sp was higher in non rooted areas. This is the first study addressing the ecology of the wild boar in a protected area of the Monte Desert biome of Argentina. | ||
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+ | == '''Phylogeography and genetic variation in the South American rodent | ||
+ | Tympanoctomys barrerae (Rodentia: Octodontidae)''' == | ||
+ | |||
+ | The red viscacha rat, Tympanoctomys barrerae, is an octodontid rodent endemic to the arid west-central and | ||
+ | southern regions of Argentina. It is solitary, lives in complex burrows built in soft soil, and occurs at low | ||
+ | population densities in patches associated with salt basins and sand dunes in lowland habitats of the Monte and | ||
+ | Patagonia deserts. The purpose of this study was to investigate the genetic structure and biogeography of this | ||
+ | desert specialist. To assess genetic variation an 800-base pair fragment of the mitochondrial control region was | ||
+ | sequenced for 60 individuals from 8 localities across the species’ range. Relationships among haplotypes were | ||
+ | inferred from phylogenetic analyses (maximum parsimony, Bayesian, and networks). Genetic structure and | ||
+ | demographic history were analyzed with descriptive statistics, mismatch distributions, neutrality tests (Tajima’s | ||
+ | and Fu’s), and analyses of molecular variance (AMOVAs). In total, 26 haplotypes were found, most restricted | ||
+ | to single populations. The presence of unshared haplotypes was consistent with low migration rates. Within the | ||
+ | distribution (between 29uS and 39uS) southern and northern populations showed higher genetic diversity values | ||
+ | than central populations. Populations of T. barrerae showed moderate to high genetic differentiation on the | ||
+ | basis of haplotypes of central populations. AMOVA analyses indicated a moderate level of geographic structure | ||
+ | for all populations. Low haplotype and nucleotide diversities in central populations suggest a possible | ||
+ | bottleneck associated with Pleistocene glaciations or volcanic activity in this part of the range of the viscacha | ||
+ | rat. Phylogeographic structure was moderate, and the analyses recovered 2 principal clades: A (with central and | ||
+ | a part of the southern distribution) and B (with northern and another part of the southern distribution). Most | ||
+ | populations were polyphyletic, indicating that they have not been isolated long enough to reach reciprocal | ||
+ | monophyly. Demographic analyses conducted for clades A and B suggest a recent history of population | ||
+ | expansion. (Agustina Ojeda) |
Revisión de 02:47 15 may 2010
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Darwin y sus reflecciones sobre las especies exóticas “. . . few countries have undergone more remarkable changes since the year 1535, when the first colonist of La Plata landed with seventy-two horses. The countless herds of horses, cattle, and sheep, have altered the whole aspect of the vegetation, but they have almost banished the guanaco, deer, and ostrich. Numberless other changes must likewise have taken place; the wild pig in some parts probably replaces the pecarri; packs of wild dogs may be heard howling on the wooded banks of the less frequented stream; and the common cat, altered into a large and fierce animal, inhabits rocky hills….” Charles Darwin, The Voyage of the Beagle, entry for September 19th, 1833 |
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