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Darwin y sus reflecciones sobre las especies exóticas

“. . . few countries have undergone more remarkable changes since the year 1535, when the first colonist of La Plata landed with seventy-two horses. The countless herds of horses, cattle, and sheep, have altered the whole aspect of the vegetation, but they have almost banished the guanaco, deer, and ostrich. Numberless other changes must likewise have taken place; the wild pig in some parts probably replaces the pecarri; packs of wild dogs may be heard howling on the wooded banks of the less frequented stream; and the common cat, altered into a large and fierce animal, inhabits rocky hills….” Charles Darwin, The Voyage of the Beagle, entry for September 19th, 1833

Mendoza Darwin was remembered in 200 years after his birth

On Thursday, February 12, 2009 , Charles Darwin would have turned 200 years . Celebrating her birthday, was honored throughout the world. The English naturalist, he printed an innovative force in science, to understand the process of evolution of species . Mendoza visited , and back to Chile, with his usual curiosity, discovered a row of petrified tree bases after huge analysis, identified as Araucaria ( It required little geological practice to interpret the story Marvellous Which this scene at once Unfolded , Though I confess I Was at first so much astonished That I Could scarcely believe the plainest evidence. I saw the spot Where to clusters of fine trees waved Their branches eleven o'clock on the shores of the Atlantic , When That ocean ( now driven back 700 miles) Came to the foot of the Andes ). Precisely in that place, Paramillos , Uspallata , met a large number of researchers and stakeholders in the conservation of nature and his knowledge.


El IADIZA y el Gobierno de Mendoza trabajan en el sostenimiento de la Reserva de Ñacuñán

[1]



Un nuevo mamífero exótico en Argentina

David Flores nos acaba de enviar esta foto

que fuera tomada por personal de Fauna en Neuquen hace pocos dias. Se trata del thar del Himalaya, Hemitragus jemlahicus, nativo de las montañas del Himalaya y Tibet. Introducido en distintos lugares como trofeo de caza. Luego de su introduccción a Nueva Zelandia en 1904 se expandió en foma generalizada a distintos hábitats. Especie introducida en Nueva Mexico, California, Ontario, y Sudáfrica.



Consequences of being rich: wealth and population are key drivers of invasive species in Europe

[[2]]

Las Yungas y Bosques nubosos en peligro

[[3]]

Small mammal diversity loss in response to Late Pleistocene climate change

[4]

Laguna de Mar Chiquita y tormentas de sal

Nubes_sal_Mar_Chiquita.doc

Declinación de la diversidad de mamíferos en la Selva de Yungas / Mammals Diversity decline in the Yungas forest

La extensión más austral de la selva tropical Andina y Amazónica terminan a modo de archipiélago dentro de una matriz árida a semiárida en el noroeste de Argentina. Analizamos el patrón de diversidad de especies a lo largo de esta extensión de selvas montanas (Yungas) entre los 22° a 29° S . Nuestro análisis incluye 38 especies de mamíferos selváticos. Estimamos los bordes de los rangos geográficos y mediante un modelo nulo derivamos los límites de confianza para la riqueza de especies y rangos terminales esperados dentro de bandas de 30’. Analizamos el número de rangos terminales y su relación con los atributos ecológicos (macronichos) de las especies. Encontramos un decrecimiento de las especies exclusivas de selva de norte a sur, y ninguna de ellas alcanza el “borde” de la “península” selvática. Esto contrasta con los registros de mamíferos no exclusivos de selva. Los rangos geográficos terminales se agrupan entre los 23° 30’ - 24° 00’ S, indicando un decrecimiento no azaroso de las especies. La correlación entre atributos de las especies (macronichos) y rangos geográficos terminales, sugiere que solo aquellas con vulnerabilida baja y tamaño corporal grande, son capaces de alcanzar una distribución mas extendida a lo largo de las Yungas. Sugerimos que la observada caida de especies es el resultado de la interacción entre un decrecimiento general de la calidad de hábitats de selva en los extremos de distribución, los atributos de las especies y el estado de las poblaciones tropicales en los bordes de distribución. Este estudio tiene implicancias para la conservación de ecosistemas tropicales en los extremos de su distribución (R.A. Ojeda[[5]] R.M. Barquez, J. Stadler y R.Brandl. 2008. Decline of mammal species diversity along a tropical forest. Biotropica, 40:525-521) [http://wiki.cricyt.edu.ar/images/7/78/Decline_of_yungas_mammals-1-.pdf ]|-|-

THERYA, nueva revista Mexicana de mastozoología

[6]|-

CONSERVATION LETTERS, acceso libre 2010

[7]|-

Biodiversidad en América Latina y el Caribe

[8]|-

Invertir en islas para salvar mas especies/ Invest in islands to save most species

[9]|-

Complete Primate Skeleton from the Middle Eocene of Messel in Germany: Morphology and Paleobiology

[10]|-Imagen:darwinius.jpg

La 'resurrección' de la nutria en la península ibérica

[11]|

Un mosquito pone en peligro a las islas Galápagos

[12]|

Badly bat disease spreading fast, scientists warn lawmakers

BAt disease spreading fast

Ciencia, evolución y creacionismo

[13]

Ecosistemas nuevos

[14]

La Lista Roja de UICN [15]


SITIOS

ECOLIBRERIA[16]

Biodiversity Indicators 2010[17]

National Ecological Observatory Network(USA)[18]

Ranking scientific journals[19]

Global Invasive Species Programme[20]

Base de Datos de Especies Invasoras en Argentina[21]

Encyclopedia of life[22]

Biodiversity Heritage Library[23]

ECOSISTEMAS[24]

Asociacion Argentina de Ecologia del Paisaje[25]

Centro Internacional de Ecología Tropical[26]

2010 International Year of Biodiversity [27]

COUNTDOWN 2010[28]

Econoticias de América Latina

[29]

ECOLOGICAL INTERNET [30]

Science daily [31]

Environmental News Network [32]

Biodiversidad América Latina [33]

IUCN[34]

ECO 21[35]

World Science[http://www.world-science.net

Nature News[36]

DARWIN 200[37]

MASTOZOOLOGIA NEOTROPICAL

[38]

ZOOTAXA

[39]

DIA INTERNACIONAL DE LA DIVERSIDAD BIOLÓGICA   22 DE MAYO


INVASIONES BIOLOGICAS: MAMIFEROS EXOTICOS/ BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS: EXOTIC MAMMALS



Las invasiones biológicas, deforestación, fragmentación de hábitats, cambio climático y comercio de vida silvestre, son algunos de los factores responsables por la acelerada pérdida de biodiversidad. El Grupo de investigaciones de la Biodiversidad dirigido por Ricardo Ojeda[[40]], está abocado al módulo de invasiones biológicas como parte del proyecto ALARM (6to marco Unión Europea), y en un artículo reciente junto a Agustina Novillo sintetizaron el panorama actual de los mamíferos exóticos de Argentina, sus efectos sobre los ecosistemas y atributos correlacionados con el éxito de las invasiones.

Agustina Novillo[[41]] y Ricardo Ojeda destacan que los mamíferos introducidos representan en Sud América el 20 % de las introducciones de mamíferos a nivel mundial, y que unas 18 especies mantienen poblaciones en estado silvestre en Argentina. Las introducciones se localizan mayormente en ecorregiones templadas, entre los 34° y 55° de latitud, área donde alcanzan las mayores densidades. El artículo publicado online en una reconocida revista abocada a la problemática de las invasiones biologicas (Jour Biol Invasions[42] compila los mamíferos exóticos de Argentina y sus efectos. Desde los castores en Tierra del Fuego, que se comportan como “ingenieros del ecosistema”, construyendo embalses y cambiando la dinámica del ecosistema del bosque de Nothofagus, a una de las especies “mas peligrosas” de los invasores como es el jabalí, con amplio rango geográfico y colonizador reciente en el Desierto del Monte.

Según el artículo de A.Novillo y R.Ojeda, los mamíferos exóticos ocupan en Argentina ecoregiones similares a sus distribuciones originales (ej. en Eurasia), y mas aún, gran parte de ellos parecen haber experimentado cierta “liberación ecológica” al expandir sus rangos geográficos a hábitats “nuevos”, en comparación a los de su distribución original. Las especies con alto potencial de invasividad corresponden al jabalí, cabra, liebre europea y ratas del “viejo mundo”, y atribuyen esta cualidad de “buenos” invasores a características como: dieta amplia, gran masa corporal, asociación con ambientes urbanos antropizados, alta capacidad de dispersión, alta tasa reproductiva, concordancia climática (ej ecorregiones similares), entre otras.

Mas allá de los impactos registrados y potenciales, los autores consideran que los mamíferos exóticos ofrecen una buena oportunidad para entender la dinámica de las invasiones biológicas mediante investigaciones ecológicas detalladas y metodologías apropiadas.



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BIODIVERSITY 2010 </ p > Fire in the Pantanal [ http://www.laprensa.com.bo/noticias/8-7-2010/noticias/08-07-2010_549.php ] '12 environmental trends in South America ' [ http://www.ecologiayconservacion.com/2010/07/tendenciasambientedesarrollo2010/ ] A cradle of biodiversity Daimiel Tables [ http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2010/07/05/ciencia/1278324613.html ] ATLAS OF BIODIVERSITY RISK [ http://pensoft.net/newreleases/14595.htm ] SPECIAL : corridors , connectivity , climate change and social participation in conservation [ http://www.wiley.com/bw/vi.asp?ref=0888-8892&site=1 # 543 ] How many species are ?[ There http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2010/05/lifes-pageant-not-so-rich.html ] Politics is a key factor in Biodiversity [ http://www.ufz.de/index.php?en=19708 ] The Gran Chaco and deforestation [ http://www.ecoticias.com/eco-america/27881/noticias-medio-ambiente-medioambiente-medioambiental-ambiental-definicion-contaminacion-cambio-climatico-calentamiento -Global- impact- ecology -ecosystem - management -policy - legislation - responsibility- technical - education -sustainable - obama- greenpeace - co2- nations - united -health -engineering -Kyoto -Copenhagen- Mexico] IPBES , Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services [ http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jqQKTTFcobXTdgdWzFtEui-Savvw ] life and miracles of biodiversity [ http://www.pagina12.com.ar/diario/ciencia/19-147210-2010-06-09.html ] ' EU and global biodiversity '[ http://biodiversity.europa.eu ] 40% of the global economy depends on the nature [ http://www.expansion.com/2010/05/25/empresas/1274815698.html ] Triathlon for the life of Darien [ http://www.censat.org/noticias/2010/5/24/Triatlon-por-la-vida-del-Darien/ ] Thousands of people connect with nature through the EU campaign [ http://europa-eu-un.com/articles/es/article_9774_es.htm ] Mining in Colombia: The great dilemma [ http://www.censat.org/noticias/2010/5/24/El-gran-dilema/ ] where species die [ http://www.pagina12.com.ar/diario/suplementos/futuro/13-2345-2010-05-23.html ] Lizards succumb to global warming [ http://www.losandes.com.ar/notas/2010/5/23/opinion-491565.asp ] The loss of species and the Man [ http://www.elpais.com/articulo/sociedad/pierden/especies/pierde/hombre/elpepusoc/20100515elpepusoc_4/Tes ] The 4% of global deforestation takes place in Mexico [ http://www.milenio.com/node/442859 ] Lizards Causing Climate Change to ' Wink Out of Existence [ http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2010/05/climate-change-causing-lizards-t.html?etoc ] Ignoring Nations Biodiversity Treaty, U.N. Says [ http://votacion2012.blogspot.com/2010/05/nations-ignoring-biodiversity-treaty-un.html ] The UN and the loss of biodiversity [ http://www.elpais.com/articulo/sociedad/ONU/advierte/perdida/biodiversidad/amenaza/vida/Tierra/elpepusoccie/20100510elpepusoc_3/Tes ] It's a microbial world [ http://www.nature.com/news/2010/100418/full/news.2010.190.html ] Biodiversity , definitions and concepts [ http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversidad ] Barometer for biodiversity [ http://www.conservation.org/newsroom/pressreleases/Pages/Cient % C3 % ADficos - propose -Bar % C3 % B3metro -Biodiversity - UICN.aspx ] The loss of biodiversity as E.O. Wilson [ http://www.unesco.org/new/es/media-services/single-view/news/edward_o_wilson_the_loss_of_biodiversity_is_a_tragedy/back/18278/ ] studies are needed for the effective protection of biodiversity [ http://www.informador.com.mx/mexico/2010/195213/6/faltan-estudios-para-la-eficaz-proteccion-de- la- biodiversidad.htm ] boomerang effect on Monsanto, in the United States [ http://www.ecoticias.com/alimentos/25162/noticias-comida-bebidas-alimentos-transgenicos-productos-agricultura-ganaderia-ecologicas-organicos- natural - environment- sustainable - environmentally-friendly -environmental and environmental ] Biodiversity loss is the biggest challenge [ http://www.abc.es/agencias/noticia.asp?noticia=348111 ] The Wichi [ http://www.caicyt.gov.ar/DILA/wichi ] Biofuels and food security -1- .doc The destruction of the Chaco A third of Europeans known biodiversity



ADVANCED COURSES http://wiki.cricyt.edu.ar/?title=Cursos_Avanzados


Journal of Biogeography Editor 's Choice [ http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/pdf/JBI_march2010.pdf ]

Frontiers of Biogeography [ http://www.biogeography.org/html/fb/FBv2i1.html ]

Biogeography Bulletin of the Systematic & Evolutionary Biogeographical Association [ http://www.uac.pt/ ~ seba / files / Biogeography % 204.pdf ]


<p style="text-align:center; font-size: 140%; news line-height: ... 95%"> </ p >

Millennium Assessment of Human Behavior [ http://www.esajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1890/0012-9623-90.4.325 ]

The white -nose syndrome [ http://www.batcon.org/index.php/what-we-do/white-nose-syndrome.html ]

Neanderthals living in our genes [ http://www.pagina12.com.ar/diario/suplementos/futuro/13-2340-2010-05-15.html ]

of Neanderthal genome DNA Sequence [ http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/328/5979/710 ]

We are more than we thought Neanderthals [ http://www.bbc.co.uk/mundo/ciencia_tecnologia/2010/05/100506_neandertales_estudio_lr.shtml ]

Half of all primates in danger of extinction [ http://2010biodiversidad.blogspot.com/2010/02/la-mitad-de-los-primates-en-riesgo-de.html ]

The mountain monkey study sheds light on the evolution of mammals [ http://2010biodiversidad.blogspot.com/2009/06/el-estudio-del-monito-del-monte-aporta.html ]

<p style="margin:-2px 0px;font-size: 300%; text-align:center"> < / p > <p style="margin:-2px 0px;font-size: 140%; text-align:center"> more news < / p >

iBOL Newsletter [ http://www.ibolproject.org/home.html ]

The meek bush baby [ http://www.pagina12.com.ar/diario/suplementos/futuro/13-2208-2009-09-06.html ]

Network evolution and the tree of life [ http://www.pagina12.com.ar/diario/suplementos/futuro/13-2209-2009-09-06.html ]

The dispersion of man in America [ http://www.pagina12.com.ar/diario/suplementos/futuro/13-2152-2009-05-30.html ] <p style="margin:-2px 0px;font-size: 120%; text-align:left"> < / p >

Discovery of Juliomys ( Rodentia , Sigmodontinae ) in Paraguay , a new genus of Sigmodontinae for the countrys Atlantic Forest.Noe 'of Sancha , William D' Elia , Flavia Netto , Pastor Perez and Jorge Salazar- Bravo.Mammalia 73 ( 2009) : 162-167

Taxonomy and distribution of Abrawayaomys ( Rodentia: Cricetidae ), an endemic Atlantic Forest with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 2128: 39-60 (2009 ). F. ULYSES Pardiñas, TETA & GUILLERMO PABLO D'Elia

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<p style="text-align:center; font-size: 140%; line-height: 95%"> mammalogy NEOTROPICAL </ p > [ http://www.sarem.org.ar/mediawiki/index.php/Mastozoolog % C3 % ADa_Neotropical ] Last number vol 17 [ http://www.sarem.org.ar/mediawiki/index.php/17_1 ]

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<p style="text-align:center; font-size: 140%; line-height: 95%"> BOOKS </ p > Mammals of Argentina Systematics and Distribution [[ Image: GiB_libros_Mamiferos_SAREM.gif | center] ] <p style="text-align:left; font-size: 90%; line-height: 95%"> [ http://redalyc.uaemex.mx/redalyc/pdf/457/45714125.pdf Mammals of Argentina , " Systematics and Distribution

Editors: Ruben M. Barquez , M. Monica Diaz , Ricardo A. Ojeda

Saremar , 2006

Autin Analia interested contact : pidba@arnet.com.ar

Book Review ] [ http://www.sarem.org.ar/mediawiki/index.php/Mam % C3 % ADferos_de_Argentina ] < / p >

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<p style="text-align:center; font-size: 140%; line-height: 95%"> honor Charles R. DARWIN </ p >

- Image: GIB_Darwin.jpg

In bicentario of his birth ( February 12, 1809 ) and one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of "The Origin of Species "( November 24, 1859 ) <p style="text-align:right; font-size: 78%; line-height: 95%"> [ http://www.darwinday.org/events/listing.php Darwin Bicentennial Day Events ] < / p >

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I Latin American mammalogy Image: I_Latinoamericano.png


News IPF

The day June 29 Agustina A. Ojeda defended at the National University of Tucuman his PhD research on ' Genetic variation and phylogeographic octodontids Plains Viscacha Rat rodent (Rodentia , Octodontidae )' The court was composed of Norberto Giannini , Claudia and Marta Lizarralde Szumik Doctor ... CONGRATULATIONS !     

On May 27 ' Soledad Albanese advocated by the UBA his doctoral dissertation on ' Ecology of the Common Opossum , Thylamys pallidior (Marsupialia , Didelphidae ) in the Central Monte Desert . The tribunal consisted of Karina Hodara , David Flores and Dr. Marcelo Cassini .. CONGRATULATIONS !

POSTER

Biodiversidad del ecosistema Andino.El ecosistema montañoso de los Andes ha jugado un papel importante en la evolución y diversificación de la biota Sudamericana. Sin embargo, es muy poco lo que aún conocemos sobre la riqueza y abundancia de sus especies animales y vegetales. El Grupo de Investigaciones de la Biodiversidad (GiB-IADIZA)preparó este póster que acerca al público en general la riqueza de los mamíferos de las tierras Andinas. Material para difusión institucional, educación, actividades docentes y divulgación al público. Se puede adquirir en MAGRAF, CCT (CRICYT,Mendoza).

<p style="text-align:center; font-size: 140%; line-height: 95%">

CONGRESOS

IV REUNIÓN BINACIONAL DE ECOLOGÍA[43]

The 24th International Congress for Conservation Biology (ICCB 2010)[44]

V Encontro Brasileiro para o Estudo de Quirópteros – EBEQ[45]

Congreso Internacional de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre [46]

4th International Conference on Rodent Biology and Management[47]

I Congreso Latinoamericano de Mastozoología 20-24 Setiembre 2010, Guanajuato, Mexico

9th International Congress of Vertebrate Morphology 26th to 31st July 2010,Conrad Hotel & Spa Punta del Este,Uruguay[48]

12th Rodens et Spatium [49]

V Congreso Brasilero de Mastozoologia[50]

8th International Symposium on Wild Boar and Other Suids 1 - 4 September 2010 York, UK [51]

XXIII Jornadas Argentinas de Mastozoologia Bahia Blanca 9-12 Noviembre 2010

2do Taller Iberoamericano sobre degradación de hábitats y funcionamiento de interacciones planta-animal Bariloche 22-23 Noviembre 2010[52]

I Congreso Latinoamericano de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, 22-26 de Noviembre de 2010,San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina[53]

V Congreso de Mastozoologia en Bolivia, 18-20 de Mayo de 2011, La Paz, Bolivia

BIOLIEF 2011 - 2nd World Conference on Biological Invasions and Ecosystem Functioning[54]



Food habits and impact of rooting behaviour of the invasive wild boar, Sus scrofa, in a protected area of the Monte Desert, Argentina

[55]


The wild boar, Sus scrofa, was introduced in the central region of Argentina in the early 20th century. A small feral population invaded the western area of the Man and Biosphere Reserve of Ñacuñán, Argentina in the early 1980’s. The purpose of our study was to provide information about the diet of wild boars in the semiarid region of Argentina and assess their potential effect on vegetation through soil rooting. We analyzed 41 faecal samples and compared cover plant composition between rooted and non rooted soil. Our results showed that 95% of the diet consisted of different parts (leaves, stems, glumes, fruits, seeds, and bulbs) of 36 plant species, while arthropods and animal tissue represented only 5% of the diet. Two plant species (Sphaeralcea miniata and Pitraea cuneato-ovata) composed the bulk of the diet, representing almost 50% of the total items found in the faeces. Plant cover was significantly different between rooted and non rooted areas. Rooted areas were dominated by Pitraea cuneato-ovata, whereas the cover of Lycium sp was higher in non rooted areas. This is the first study addressing the ecology of the wild boar in a protected area of the Monte Desert biome of Argentina. María Fernanda Cuevas, Agustina Novillo, Claudia Campos, Maria Ana Dacar and Ricardo A. Ojeda, JAE in press; partly financed by ALARM (EU)- CONICET [56]and SECYT (Argentina)[57]

Phylogeography and genetic variation in the South American rodent Tympanoctomys barrerae (Rodentia: Octodontidae)

The red viscacha rat, Tympanoctomys barrerae, is an octodontid rodent endemic to the arid west-central and southern regions of Argentina[[58]]. It is solitary, lives in complex burrows built in soft soil, and occurs at low population densities in patches associated with salt basins and sand dunes in lowland habitats of the Monte and Patagonia deserts. The purpose of this study was to investigate the genetic structure and biogeography of this desert specialist. To assess genetic variation an 800-base pair fragment of the mitochondrial control region was sequenced for 60 individuals from 8 localities across the species’ range. Relationships among haplotypes were inferred from phylogenetic analyses (maximum parsimony, Bayesian, and networks). Genetic structure and demographic history were analyzed with descriptive statistics, mismatch distributions, neutrality tests (Tajima’s and Fu’s), and analyses of molecular variance (AMOVAs). In total, 26 haplotypes were found, most restricted to single populations. The presence of unshared haplotypes was consistent with low migration rates. Within the distribution (between 29uS and 39uS) southern and northern populations showed higher genetic diversity values than central populations. Populations of T. barrerae showed moderate to high genetic differentiation on the basis of haplotypes of central populations. AMOVA analyses indicated a moderate level of geographic structure for all populations. Low haplotype and nucleotide diversities in central populations suggest a possible bottleneck associated with Pleistocene glaciations or volcanic activity in this part of the range of the viscacha rat. Phylogeographic structure was moderate, and the analyses recovered 2 principal clades: A (with central and a part of the southern distribution) and B (with northern and another part of the southern distribution). Most populations were polyphyletic, indicating that they have not been isolated long enough to reach reciprocal monophyly. Demographic analyses conducted for clades A and B suggest a recent history of population expansion. (Agustina Ojeda[[59]], Journal of Mammalogy, 91(2):302–313, 2010)

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